Scientists have identified a mechanism by which certain natural compounds, known for their anti-aging potential, may also fuel cancer growth. Research from the Tokyo University of Science indicates that polyamines, essential molecules found in all living cells, can speed up the proliferation of cancer cells.
These compounds, including spermidine and putrescine, are crucial for cell growth and protein synthesis. While spermidine has been associated with improved lifespan and health in animal studies, and is found in many supplements, new research highlights its role in cancer progression. The study focused on how cancer cells utilize sugar for growth, a process known as aerobic glycolysis, even in the presence of oxygen.
Researchers investigated the relationship between polyamines and cancer cells, particularly their impact on proteins eIF5A1 and eIF5A2. While eIF5A1 is vital for healthy cells, eIF5A2 is linked to cancer growth. The study found that polyamines promote the production of eIF5A2, effectively removing a regulatory brake and driving cancer cells towards uncontrolled growth.
Removing polyamines or eIF5A2 significantly reduced cancer cell growth in lab experiments, suggesting spermidine may play a critical role in tumor expansion. Scientists emphasize that this research does not suggest polyamines cause cancer, but rather that existing cancer cells can exploit these compounds for survival and spread. This discovery offers potential new targets for cancer treatment by disrupting the mechanisms cancer relies upon.