Lynch syndrome is a genetic condition that significantly increases the risk of certain cancers due to mutations in DNA repair genes.
Formerly known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, it was renamed for Dr. Henry Lynch. The syndrome is most commonly linked to colorectal, endometrial, and ovarian cancers, but also elevates risk for pancreatic, stomach, and other cancers.
While once considered rare, approximately one million Americans have Lynch syndrome. For women, the lifetime risk of endometrial cancer can be as high as 60%, compared to the average of under 3%.
Lynch syndrome itself presents no direct symptoms, but associated cancers can. Endometrial cancer, for example, may manifest as unusual bleeding or pelvic pain.
Diagnosis is made through genetic testing, recommended for individuals with specific cancer histories, early-onset cancers, multiple cancer types, or a family history of Lynch syndrome or related cancers.
Management involves enhanced screening protocols like colonoscopies and biopsies to detect cancers early. Access to genetic testing remains unequal, with Black women and underserved communities facing disparities.
Women with a family history of colorectal or endometrial cancer are urged to discuss genetic testing with their doctor to proactively manage their health.