AI chatbots like ChatGPT can reduce long-term learning retention, according to a new study. Researchers at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro tested 120 students, half of whom used ChatGPT for an AI assignment, while the others relied on traditional study methods.
Students who used ChatGPT scored an average of 5.75 out of 10 in a 45-day follow-up test, compared to 6.85 for those who didn’t. Though the AI group completed the task faster-averaging 3.2 hours versus 5.8 hours-their knowledge wasn’t retained as well.
A graph plotting the forgetting curve of both groups over 45 days. (Barcaui, SSHO, 2026)
The findings support the idea that relying on AI for learning can weaken cognitive effort and memory formation. Researchers warn that while AI can enhance efficiency, it may compromise deep understanding.
"Future teaching strategies should harness AI’s benefits without sacrificing the cognitive engagement required for durable learning," said André Barcaui, lead author of the study published in Social Sciences & Humanities Open.