Amid rising global tensions, Europe is redefining space as a critical operational domain. The EU has increased defense spending and launched the ReArm Europe/Readiness plan under Ursula von der Leyen.
Giulia Pavesi of ESPI describes a shift toward a federated space defense model, where nations pool resources like in the GOVSATCOM program.
Jean-Luc Trullemans of ESA warns of growing threats: orbital congestion, cyber risks, and dependence on foreign technology. He emphasizes risk management over reduced cooperation.
The focus now is on building European cloud infrastructure, harmonizing cybersecurity standards, and leveraging commercial industry-without sacrificing openness.