Press freedom has fallen to its lowest level in a quarter of a century, according to Reporters Without Borders (RSF).
For the first time in the index's 25-year history, more than half of the world's countries now fall into the 'difficult' or 'very serious' categories. The average global score has never been lower.
Just 1% of the world's population lives in a country with 'good' press freedom, down from 20% in 2002. Only seven northern European nations, led by Norway, meet that standard.
The United States dropped seven places to 64th globally, with RSF citing President Donald Trump's systematic attacks on the press and cuts to international broadcasting funding.
Russia ranked 172nd, with 48 journalists behind bars. RSF called the country a specialist in using counterterrorism and extremism laws to restrict press freedom.
The Middle East and North Africa remain the most dangerous region for journalists. RSF reported 220 Palestinian journalists killed during the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza, at least 70 due to their work.
Syria showed historic improvement, rising 36 places to 141st after the fall of the Bashar al-Assad regime. Niger posted the steepest decline, falling 37 spots to 120th amid junta rule and Sahel instability.