A new report from the UN Human Rights Office in the Occupied Palestinian Territory documents widespread violations of international law by both Israeli and Palestinian parties from October 7, 2023, through May 31, 2025.
Lead author Ajith Sunghay said the ceasefire in October 2025 reduced violence but killings and infrastructure destruction continue almost daily. He stressed that the humanitarian situation remains dire, with Hamas continuing its own violations against the people of Gaza.
Palestinian armed groups killed at least 1,124 people in Israel on and after October 7, seized hostages, and fired thousands of unguided missiles. Released hostages have provided credible accounts of torture and sexual violence.
Israel's military killed 72,769 Palestinians in Gaza since October 7, the report states. The blockade caused starvation and famine. Displacement in Gaza raises concerns about ethnic cleansing and forcible transfer.
In the West Bank, Israeli settlement expansion is "unprecedented," with 102 new settlements added since the current government took office, a rate increase of 80 percent. Settler and military forces killed 1,096 Palestinians since October 7, with children making up 20 percent of those killed.
Sunghay said the ceasefire has not led to meaningful accountability. "Impunity fuels recurrence," he said, calling for international action to end the occupation and protect civilians.