New research indicates that life-saving cancer treatments administered to children and young adults may accelerate biological aging and potentially impact cognitive functions. A study analyzing blood samples from over 1,400 long-term survivors, treated at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, utilized epigenetic clocks to estimate biological age. These clocks measure DNA's chemical tags to determine how cells accumulate damage over time, contrasting with chronological age.
Researchers found that chemotherapy had the most significant effect on aging acceleration, potentially altering DNA structure and causing cellular damage. This accelerated cellular aging was closely linked to cognitive performance; survivors with a higher biological age experienced more difficulties with memory and attention. Experts note that "chemo brain," a phenomenon causing temporary issues with memory, concentration, and word-finding, is a known side effect.
The research team aims to use these findings to develop early intervention strategies to mitigate cognitive decline and improve the quality of life for young cancer survivors. While the study could not establish direct causation due to its single-point assessment and inability to adjust for all chronic health conditions, it highlights a critical area for future research and support.