Gut microbiota composition may help predict future risk of cardiometabolic disease and major cardiovascular events, according to new research.
The gut microbiota-trillions of microorganisms in the digestive tract-influences metabolism, inflammation, and immune function, all tied to heart health. Most prior studies were snapshots in time; this one tracked outcomes over years.
Researchers analyzed stool samples from 4,792 participants in the multi-ethnic Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) cohort. Genetic sequencing identified bacterial species, and participants were followed for new cases of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, heart attack, stroke, or angina.
During follow-up, 129 suffered major cardiovascular events; 180 met a broader composite endpoint including angina.
Higher levels of Eubacterium xylanophilum group species and Akkermansia muciniphila correlated with lower cardiovascular risk. Ruminococcus gnavus group abundance was initially tied to higher risk, but only Eubacterium xylanophilum remained significant after adjusting for confounders.
Exploratory analysis linked Ruminococcus gnavus to bile acid and acylcarnitine metabolites involved in fat and energy metabolism-suggesting microbial pathways may affect host physiology.
While causation isn’t proven, the findings position gut microbiota as a potential biomarker for cardiometabolic risk, possibly guiding future diet or microbiome-targeted prevention strategies.