Long COVID could cost OECD countries between $68 billion and $135 billion annually over the next decade, according to new research. The condition places a significant burden on national health systems and economies.
Projections to 2035 suggest persistent annual GDP losses, potentially ranging from 0.1% to 0.2%. These figures are comparable to the entire annual health budgets of countries like the Netherlands or Spain. Direct healthcare costs for treating the disease are expected to remain high, around $9.5 billion per year, through at least 2035.
Beyond core symptoms like brain fog and fatigue, SARS-CoV-2 infection elevates the risk of chronic conditions, including cardiovascular, diabetes, neurological, and autoimmune disorders. These will further strain health systems and escalate costs. The study also highlights potential impacts on children's development and educational attainment, factors not yet included in economic models.
Long COVID is leading to workforce disruption, with affected workers experiencing reduced productivity or leaving their jobs. While less than 1% of the population in EU and OECD countries is expected to suffer from it over the next decade, around 75 million people had the illness in 2021.
Comparisons to other chronic conditions, such as multiple sclerosis or stroke, show a significant economic impact. However, the report notes that Long COVID's burden primarily stems from reduced labor participation and productivity losses, indicating a broader macroeconomic effect beyond just healthcare spending.