Cities across Europe are bracing for record summer temperatures, with highs approaching 40°C in several regions. Medical experts warn that heatwaves remain among the deadliest weather events on the continent, though most related illnesses are preventable.
Dr. Tiago Villanueva, president of the European Union of General Practitioners, notes that extreme heat compromises the body’s thermoregulation. This places significant strain on the heart and kidneys, exacerbating existing health conditions.
Many areas are also experiencing tropical nights where temperatures fail to drop below 20°C. This lack of overnight recovery disrupts sleep and increases cardiovascular mortality rates. The World Health Organization advises keeping shutters closed during peak heat and warns against using electric fans when temperatures exceed 40°C, as they merely circulate hot air.
Health officials emphasize proactive hydration, recommending two to three liters of water daily regardless of thirst. Experts caution against alcohol and caffeine, which accelerate dehydration. Direct sun exposure should be minimized, with sunscreen reapplied every two hours and UV-protective sunglasses worn to prevent ocular damage.
Vigilance is required for early warning signs of heat exhaustion, including dizziness, nausea, and confusion. Immediate cooling measures and medical consultation are necessary if symptoms arise.
Vulnerable populations include adults over 65, infants, outdoor workers, and those on medications that impair thermoregulation. Children are particularly at risk due to higher metabolic rates and lower sweat capacity per kilogram of body weight.