Human papillomavirus, or HPV, is the most common sexually transmitted infection, affecting nearly everyone at some point. While often harmless and clearing on its own, persistent HPV can lead to serious cancers.
These include cancers of the cervix, head and neck, anus, vulva, vagina, and penis. Notably, over 90% of cervical cancer cases are caused by HPV.
The HPV vaccine offers robust protection, preventing more than 9 out of 10 HPV-related cancers. The vaccine works by training the immune system to recognize and fight the virus; it does not contain the live virus itself.
Recommended for children aged 11-12, the vaccine is most effective when administered before sexual activity. It is also recommended for individuals up to age 26, and for some adults aged 26-45.
Regular screenings and safe sex practices remain important even after vaccination, as the vaccine does not protect against all cancer types or other sexually transmitted infections.