Professor Patrick Mark, a leading figure in nephrology, shared insights into the growing global challenge of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its profound connection to cardiovascular health.
Mark explained that in mild to moderate CKD, conventional risk factors like high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity are primary drivers of cardiovascular risk. However, in severe CKD and dialysis patients, dialysis-related stresses and inflammation play a more significant role.
He highlighted significant advancements in managing cardiovascular risk within CKD patients. While ACE inhibitors and blood pressure control were once the primary interventions, the landscape has transformed with the advent of SGLT2 inhibitors and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. These new drug classes not only slow CKD progression but also reduce heart failure risk.
Looking ahead, Mark believes large clinical datasets, potentially leveraged by AI, hold the most promise for transforming risk prediction. By identifying patients not receiving optimal therapy, data can ensure better treatment outcomes.
"CKD is rising as a global cause of death," Mark stated, emphasizing the need for health systems to adapt. He advocates for proactive screening of at-risk populations, particularly individuals with diabetes and a history of cardiovascular disease, to enable earlier intervention.
Mark also expressed enthusiasm for mentoring the next generation of nephrologists. He stressed the importance of data literacy, coding, and AI skills, alongside excitement for new therapies that offer the prospect of halting or even reversing CKD progression.