Coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath are common symptoms of asthma. But for those with severe asthma, these symptoms are harder to control and can be life-threatening.
Severe asthma is defined by the need for high-dose inhaled steroids and long-acting medications to manage symptoms. It affects only 5%-10% of asthma cases but can develop at any age, with women being more susceptible.
Types of Severe Asthma
- Allergic asthma: Triggered by allergens like mold, pollen, and pet dander.
- Nonallergic asthma: Caused by air pollution, smoke, viruses, or exercise.
- Eosinophilic asthma: Involves high levels of eosinophils and Type 2 inflammation.
- Neutrophilic asthma: Involves non-Type 2 inflammation and is resistant to corticosteroids.
Key Difference Uncontrolled asthma improves with medication and lifestyle changes. Severe asthma remains uncontrolled even on high-dose medications.
Treatment Options Treatments include bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, biologics, and bronchial thermoplasty. Lifestyle changes-like reducing allergen exposure and quitting smoking-also help.
Severe asthma is complex, but proper diagnosis and a tailored treatment plan can improve quality of life. Consult a specialist if symptoms worsen.