ALS: Understanding the Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments of a Devastating Disease

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. Approximately 400,000 people worldwide live with ALS, with an estimated prevalence of two to six per 100,000.

The disease typically affects individuals between 55 and 75, with a survival rate of two to five years post-symptom onset. ALS targets motor neurons, disrupting communication between the brain and muscles, leading to progressive muscle weakness.

Symptoms can include difficulty walking, swallowing, or speaking, often beginning in the extremities. ALS is classified by its onset location (leg, arm, or mouth/throat) and by cause: Sporadic ALS, accounting for 90% of cases, has an unknown cause, while Familial ALS, at 10%, is inherited.

While there is no cure for ALS, treatments focus on slowing progression and improving quality of life. These include medication, therapy, rehabilitation, and vital nutritional and breathing support.