A common anti-seizure medication, levetiracetam, once known as Keppra, is showing significant potential in Alzheimer's prevention. Northwestern University researchers discovered that levetiracetam can stop the formation of toxic amyloid beta 42 peptides, a protein fragment implicated in Alzheimer's disease.
The drug's preventive effect was observed in animal models and human neurons. Crucially, this mechanism was also noted in post-mortem brain tissue from individuals with Down syndrome, who face a high risk for Alzheimer's.
This breakthrough targets the production of amyloid-beta 42 peptides, a different approach than current drugs that clear existing plaques. Researchers suggest that levetiracetam could be most effective when administered very early, potentially up to 20 years before amyloid-beta 42 levels rise.
Analysis of existing patient data also indicated that individuals taking levetiracetam experienced a slower cognitive decline compared to those not on the medication. The research team is now working on developing a more potent version of the drug to enhance its longevity and targeting capabilities.
While promising, the study relied on animal models and cultured cells, with no human trials yet conducted. Researchers acknowledge levetiracetam's rapid breakdown in the body and potential side effects, including mood and behavioral changes.