Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) significantly reduces symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), according to a major new meta-analysis. The technique offers a promising non-invasive alternative for patients unresponsive to standard therapies like medication or cognitive behavioral therapy.
The study, led by Mohammad Ali Salehinejad and colleagues, analyzed 16 randomized controlled trials-mostly using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), with one using alternating current (tACS). Results showed a moderate but significant therapeutic effect (standardized mean difference: 0.61; p<0.001).
Researchers identified key brain targets linked to stronger outcomes: alpha-frequency tACS on the medial prefrontal cortex, cathodal stimulation of the supplementary motor and orbitofrontal areas, and anodal stimulation of the lateral prefrontal cortex-all regions tied to emotional regulation and cognitive control in OCD.
Computational modeling further suggested longer stimulation sessions targeting the medial prefrontal and frontopolar cortices yield greater symptom improvement. Twice-daily dosing also correlated with enhanced effects.
The findings support refining tES protocols based on neurobiological models of OCD, though larger clinical trials are needed to confirm optimal approaches.