A single injection of self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) has successfully repaired heart tissue in mice and pigs after heart attacks, according to a new study published in Science. The treatment boosts levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a hormone critical to heart repair.
Heart attacks often leave lasting damage when oxygen-starved muscle forms scar tissue, increasing the risk of heart failure. Current treatments struggle to deliver regenerative drugs effectively. Ke Cheng, a biomedical engineer at Columbia University, led the team that tested saRNA injected into leg muscle, which then produced proANP, converted to ANP in the bloodstream.
Unlike standard mRNA, saRNA self-replicates inside cells, enabling sustained protein production for up to four weeks. This makes it ideal for therapeutic use beyond vaccines. Though not yet tested in humans, the approach leverages existing mRNA delivery infrastructure, supporting potential safety.
Experts like Anna Blakney of the University of British Columbia see strong promise in using saRNA for regenerative medicine. However, Dr. Dan Atar of Oslo University Hospital cautions that prior trials with natriuretic peptides failed to improve recovery, underscoring the need for clinical validation.
Further research is required to determine optimal dosing, long-term effects, and efficacy in humans. If successful, this could transform post-heart attack care.