Rare Genetic Mutation Challenges Understanding of the Brain's 'Fear Center'

A rare genetic disease that calcifies the basolateral amygdala is prompting scientists to reconsider what is truly the 'seat of fear' in the brain. The condition, almost unknown outside southern Africa, also thickens and scars the vocal cords.

Maria, a 47-year-old South African woman carrying the mutation, lives in a remote coastal town. Despite the calcification of this critical brain region-long considered the center of fear processing-her emotional life remains remarkably intact, researchers say.

Scientists led by Jack van Honk are studying Maria and a friend with the same condition. They meet regularly for brain scans and other tests, hoping to unlock new insights into how the brain processes fear and other core emotions. The findings could fundamentally shift our understanding of neuropsychology and emotional regulation.