Experts are advising caution for individuals with diabetes regarding the use of certain dietary supplements, as many can negatively impact blood glucose levels or interact with prescribed medications.
Unlike pharmaceuticals, supplements are not FDA-approved prior to market entry, though the agency does regulate them. For those managing diabetes, several common supplements have been identified as potential risks.
St. John's Wort, often used for depression, can interfere with diabetes medications, diminishing their effectiveness and complicating blood sugar control. Chromium, marketed for blood sugar regulation, carries a risk of hypoglycemia when taken with insulin or oral diabetes drugs. Bitter melon supplements, intended to lower blood sugar, can also lead to dangerously low levels when combined with diabetes medications. High-dose Niacin (vitamin B3) can elevate blood sugar, hindering A1c management, and potentially cause liver damage in large quantities due to its coumarin content. Asian Ginseng may lower blood sugar when used concurrently with diabetes medications. Beta-carotene supplementation is discouraged due to increased risks of lung cancer and cardiovascular mortality.
High-dose Cassia cinnamon, while sometimes promoted for diabetes management, can cause blood sugar to fall too low, leading to hypoglycemia. Oral aloe vera, often taken for digestive issues or weight loss, also poses a risk of hypoglycemia when used with diabetes medications. For most supplements, experts state there is insufficient evidence to support a beneficial effect on diabetes or its complications.
Health professionals emphasize the lack of regulatory oversight as a primary concern, leading to inconsistent composition and quality. The American Diabetes Association and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinology recommend caution with all unregulated nutritional supplements. Consultation with a healthcare provider is crucial before initiating any supplement regimen to understand potential interactions with diabetes management and medications.