Acute ischemic stroke triggers systemic inflammation and metabolic stress, conditions often exacerbated by malnutrition, a common issue post-stroke. Research indicates a dual relationship: inflammation can lead to nutritional decline, while malnutrition can amplify inflammatory dysfunction. This cycle may result in poorer neurological recovery, increased mortality, and more complications.
Inflammation, driven by cytokines like IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, can suppress appetite and disrupt neuroendocrine signals. It also increases energy expenditure and accelerates muscle breakdown. Combined with stroke-related challenges like dysphagia and reduced mobility, this creates a self-reinforcing cycle that sustains inflammatory stress.
Experts advocate for a comprehensive approach to nutritional assessment using validated tools and lab indices, cautioning against relying solely on markers like albumin. Early, personalized nutritional interventions, including enteral feeding when necessary, are crucial. Integrating nutritional management into standard stroke care protocols is essential for improving patient outcomes and identifying future research needs.