Lupus nephritis biomarkers show promise but fall short of clinical readiness. A 2026 review analyzed 93 studies and found that 68% were methodologically weak.
Five biomarkers-transforming growth factor β1, pentraxin-3, soluble CD163, CD11b, and interleukin-16-emerged as most promising. Yet, methodologic inconsistencies hinder widespread use.
Biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis and monitoring. Researchers urge further validation before integrating new biomarkers into routine care.