Weight-loss drugs, including Ozempic and Mounjaro, have revolutionized obesity care, yet their effectiveness varies significantly among patients. Some individuals experience over 20% body weight loss, while others see less than 5%.
Researchers at the 23andMe Research Institute have identified a potential genetic link. Their study analyzed data from nearly 28,000 participants using GLP-1 receptor agonist drugs. A specific variant in the GLP1R gene was associated with greater efficacy, leading to an average of 0.76 kilograms more weight loss over eight months for carriers.
Another variant in the GIPR gene was linked to nausea and vomiting in patients taking tirzepatide, though it did not affect weight loss outcomes.
While these findings suggest a path toward personalized weight management, experts caution that genetic effects are modest. Other factors such as sex, drug type, dosage, and treatment duration likely play a larger role in weight loss variability. The research highlights the promise of pharmacogenomics in tailoring treatments and improving patient outcomes.